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Corresponding Author
Hasta Handayani Idrus

Institutions
Universitas Muslim Indonesia

Abstract
Aim. The purpose of this article review is to investigate the biological effects of TNF-α in systemic inflammation at moderate levels. TNF-α is a product of macrophages, one of the bodys defense systems that is active in the presence of a bacterial infection. Background. TNF-α plays a role in host defense for bacterial, viral and parasitic infections. TNF-α is produced by macrophages and is activated by T cell lymphocytes, antigens, NK cells, and mast cells. TNF-α is usually not detected in healthy individuals but is often found in conditions of inflammation and infection in the serum. TNF-α works against leukocytes and endothelium, induces acute inflammation at low levels because TNF-α is a strong pyrogen. TNF-α plays a role in systemic inflammation at moderate levels. TNF-α causes pathological abnormalities in high levels of septic shock, because TNF-α is cytotoxic. Riview Results. In the review of this article we get results about the biological effects of TNF-α on systemic inflammation at moderate levels and their role in the humoral and sesluler immune systems. Conclusion TNF-α has a biological effect on systemic inflammation at moderate levels and has a strong role in the humoral and cellular immune systems.

Keywords
Tumor Necrosis Factor Alpha (TNF-α), Humoral and Cellular Immunism, Systemic Inflammation

Topic
Communicable disease related to women

Link: https://ifory.id/abstract/94DpY3gRcHN8

Corresponding Author
nurfadhillah akram

Institutions
a) Biomedical Science Study Program, Post Graduate Faculty, Hasanuddin University, Makassar, Indonesia
b) Departement of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Hasanuddin University, Makassar, Indonesia

Abstract
Objective: This study aimed to compare the prevalence of Pseudomonas aeruginosa infection and the phenotypic and genotypic resistance characteristic to cephalosporin antibiotic between men and women at dr. Wahidin Sudirohusodo Hospital in Makassar, Indonesia. Method : Between January to July 2019, a total of 50 Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolates were obtained from patients suffering from various types of infections, 17 of which (34%) were women and 33 (66%) were men. These isolates were tested for antibiotic sensitivity by Vitek-2, extracted for DNA and amplified by multiplex polymerase chain reaction to detect SHV,TEM and CTX-M extended spectrum beta-lactamase genes. Results: The 17 isolates from women were pus (10), sputum (2), urine (2), blood (2) and pleura aspirate (1). The isolates phenotype sensitive to ceftazidime antibiotic were 14 samples (82.3%), 2 (12.5%) were resistant, and 1 was intermediate (6.25%). The ESBL genes detected were TEM 13 (76.5%) isolates, SHV 1 (5%) isolate, CTX-M 9 (52%) isolates. Meanwhile in men the isolates were from pus (12), sputum (14), blood (2), bronchial washing (2), tissue (2), ear secretion (1) and gastric lavage (1). There were 27 isolates (81.8%) sensitive to ceftazidime antibiotics, 5 (15.1%) were resistant, and 1 intermediate (3.03%). The ESBL genes that were detected in isolates from men were TEM 27 (81.8%) isolates, SHV 2 (6%) isolates, CTX-M 17 (51%) isolates. Conclusion: Our study showed that there was a similar low prevalence of phenotype among resistance various types of infection in both men and women. TEM and CTX-M were the predominantly detected genes, and SHV was the least found among, the Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolated from either women and men patients. This indicated the potential of the isolates to become resistant.

Keywords
Pseudomonas aeruginosa, ESBL gene, antibiotic, resistance

Topic
Communicable disease related to women

Link: https://ifory.id/abstract/BW2ZbkcPFmNg

Corresponding Author
Nurrahmi Umami

Institutions
Periodontology Department, Faculty of Dentistry, Hasanuddin University, Makassar, Indonesia

Abstract
Abstract Objective: This systematic review was aimed to understand the management of endodontic-periodontic lesion. Methods: Pubmed and Wiley online searches were conducted to identify articles published in dental journals until April 2018. Manual searches of published full-text articles and related reviews were performed afterwards. Result: A total 16 studies were selected for inclusion, with 22 patients as subjects. All studies showed the decreased probing depth (PD) after treatment or healing of the lesion. All studies included were case report with treatment using root canal treatment (RCT) alone or RCT combination with bone graft or RCT with platelet rich fibrin (PRF). Conclusion: Treatment using root canal treatment (RCT) combination with bone graft was mostly used than the other treatment option in endo-perio lesion.

Keywords
Bone grafting; Endodontic-periodontic lesion; Endodontic treatment; Periodontitis

Topic
Communicable disease related to women

Link: https://ifory.id/abstract/643zrWMEVyJf

Corresponding Author
Hasnah Hasnah

Institutions
Hasanuddin University

Abstract
Introduction: Pre-eclampsia is the second leading cause of maternal death in South Sulawesi. Everyday lay people are known as poisoning in pregnancy. Peoples views on pre-eclampsia vary from the dredging to the effects of pre-eclampsia. Objective: describe the Makassar etnic communitys perception regarding pre-eclampsia in Kab. Gowa Methods: Using a descriptive phenomenological design, the respondents were the Makassar Tribe community in the Somba Opu and Bajeng Primary Health Care. The study began in May until to July 2019 with 36 informants. Non-Probability Sampling technique. Research ethics from the ethics committee of the Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences Universitas Islam Negeri Alauddin Makassar Number A.112 / KEPK / FKIK / V / 2019 with No. Register UINAM19050112. Results: People recognize as poisoning based on cultural perceptions adopted. For example consuming shrimp, squid, crabs, moringa leaves, sitting in front of the door and eating in bed. Conclusion: Makassar etnic perceptions about pre-eclampsia based on "taboo" or taboo during pregnancy.

Keywords
Etnic; community; perception; pre-eclampsia; Primary health Care

Topic
Communicable disease related to women

Link: https://ifory.id/abstract/MWAyT78PKtwj

Corresponding Author
adius kusnan

Institutions
ˡDepartement Of Epidemiologi Halu Oleo University Faculty of Medical, Indonesia
²Departement Of Epidemiologi Halu Oleo University Faculty of Medical, Indonesia
³Departement Of Nursing Halu Oleo University Faculty of Medical, Indonesia
⁴ Departement Of Nursing Halu Oleo University Faculty of Medical, Indonesia
⁵Departement Of Nursing Halu Oleo University Faculty of Medical, Indonesia
⁶ Departement Of Hospital Manajement Halu Oleo University Faculty of Medical, Indonesia

Abstract
Purpose: This study was to determine the risk factors for HIV incidence in MSM communities (Men Sex with Men) at the HIV / AIDS Advocacy Institute in Southeast Sulawesi. Methods: use analytic surveys and case control. Data collected includes age, education level, occupation, gender, and sexual behavior including (condom use, cleaning reproductive organs, using basic materials (lubricants, silicon, water), changing partners, buying sex from men, buying sex from women, sell sex to men, sell sex to women, oral and anal sex. Instrument used secondary data and primary data. The number of samples in this study were 40 respondents consisting of 24 cases and 24 controls. Data is collected in two months with the team. Results: The results showed that the risk factors for HIV incidence in MSM communities were sexual behavior (p = 0.009, OR 5.898 and 95% CI 1,609-20,479), while injecting drug use factors were not a risk factor for HIV incidence in MSM communities (p = 1,000, OR 1.571 and 95% CI 0.238-10,365). Conclusion: The Southeast Sulawesi HIV/AIDS Advocacy Agency is increasing information and education (IEC) to MSM communities, developing and finding HIV cases, especially in key populations.

Keywords
Risk factors, Men Like Men, HIV

Topic
Communicable disease related to women

Link: https://ifory.id/abstract/a8xzYNHgnEbp

Corresponding Author
Nurrahmi Umami

Institutions
Department of Dermatology and Venereology, Faculty of Medicine, Hasanuddin University, Makassar, Indonesia.
Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Hasanuddin University, Makassar, Indonesia.
Faculty of Public Health, Hasanuddin University, Makassar, Indonesia.

Abstract
Abstract Objectives: To assess the epidemiology and risk factors for syphilis in Makassar, Indonesia, as well as its correlation with a coinfection of other sexually transmitted infections (STI). Methods: This research is a cross-sectional descriptive multi-center research with consecutive sampling. We established the diagnosis based on the serological result using RPR, TPHA, and HIV screening kit. The cases were analyzed based on epidemiological features, risk factors and clinical findings, co-infection with other STI, and stadium of the disease. Results: A total of 79 cases confirmed serologically were diagnosed with syphilis collected among January 2017 and December 2018 in Makassar, the capital city of South Sulawesi province in Indonesia. Of the 63 male subjects (79.7%), 38 (48.1%) were homosexual/ MSM, and in 41 cases of HIV-infected subjects, 25 (60.9%) of them also MSM. Conclusion: Our study showed that there were among syphilis and an enhancement risk of HIV spread in MSM groups; there is a significant correlation. Enhancement cases of syphilis and HIV co-infection between MSM can increase transmission of both infections and should be considered the leading risk factor for syphilis in Makassar.

Keywords
HIV infection; MSM; RPR; Syphilis; TPHA

Topic
Communicable disease related to women

Link: https://ifory.id/abstract/vKEHd96WwPef

Corresponding Author
Nurrahmi Umami

Institutions
Department of Sociology, Faculty of Social and Political Science, Universitas Hasanuddin. Makassar, Indonesia

Abstract
Abstract Objective: To analyze the role of community institutions as the main actors in controlling public health free from the spread and influence of drugs. Method: A case study with a qualitative approach was used in examining the role of institutions in controlling public health free from drug distribution. Data collection techniques covered in-depth interviews, Focus Group Discussion, observation, and literature review. The informants were seven people including the head of village and staffs, heads of a neighborhood organization, religious and community leaders, women and youth leaders. Results: The community has institutions, having roles in controlling the narcotics spread and thus safeguarding the community-s health conditions. These roles are as a vehicle for community consolidation, a guide for community behavior, a source of values and social norms, and a rule enforcer. Conclusion: Community institutionalization has three roles in controlling health, namely as a guideline, a forum, and a public health steward.

Keywords
Institutional; Public health; Control; Drugs

Topic
Communicable disease related to women

Link: https://ifory.id/abstract/TcXeKmzHFRgq

Corresponding Author
deviana soraya riu

Institutions
Universitas Hasanuddin

Abstract
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Keywords
The role of public health services (PHS) in agricultural poverty alleviation

Topic
Communicable disease related to women

Link: https://ifory.id/abstract/yM8B7ARqbvta

Corresponding Author
Nurrahmi Umami

Institutions
Department of Anthropology, Faculty of Social and Political Sciences, Taduloko University, Indonesia
Faculty of Social and Political Sciences, Hasanuddin University, Indonesia
Center for Values and Heritage Conservation of South Sulawesi, Indonesia

Abstract
Abstract Objective: To explain the strategy of Bajo fishing divers in tackling susceptibility cramps disease in their limbs, crippling their life, and barotrauma disease including hearing loss, nasal tract, and pulmonary disorders. Methods: The method used is a qualitative method with a phenomenological approach. The phenomenon used in this study is a diver fishing families living in Bajo Kayuadi Village. The data analysis was analysed with qualitative descriptive-interpretative approach. Results: The disease suffered by Bajo divers fishermen is cramping limbs, barotrauma disease, and paralysis. Bajo divers strategy in preventing disease begins with a "paruru" (a ritual in the house before going to sea), "pakangbalapati" (feeding marine guard), "niba pinah" (throwing nuts to sea to ask for protection to the sea guard). Conclusion: In preventing the susceptibility of diseases potentially occurred while diving at sea, the Bajo divers perform rituals of "tula bale", "niba pinah", and "paruru" before going to the sea.

Keywords
Strategy; Prevention; Disease; Divers; Bajo Tribe

Topic
Communicable disease related to women

Link: https://ifory.id/abstract/cMKgnw4WEQuY